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Number to Roman numerals
Enter any whole number 1–3999 — the converter writes it in Roman numerals.
REFERENCE TABLE · EVERYDAY · NUMBERS & DATES
Roman Numeral Chart
Every Roman numeral from 1 to 100, the big landmarks from 200 to 3,999, the seven symbols explained — and three live converters: number to Roman, Roman to number, and any date to Roman numerals. The current year, 2026, is MMXXVI. Every conversion on this page is computed by the standard subtractive algorithm — verified, not typed.
Roman to number
Enter Roman numerals — we decode them to decimal and verify the spelling.
Date to Roman numerals
Enter a calendar date — month, day, and year each become Roman numerals.
The full chart: 1 to 100
Generated by the subtractive algorithm and spot-verified (4=IV, 9=IX, 40=XL, 90=XC):
| Number | Roman |
|---|---|
| 1 | I |
| 2 | II |
| 3 | III |
| 4 | IV |
| 5 | V |
| 6 | VI |
| 7 | VII |
| 8 | VIII |
| 9 | IX |
| 10 | X |
| 11 | XI |
| 12 | XII |
| 13 | XIII |
| 14 | XIV |
| 15 | XV |
| 16 | XVI |
| 17 | XVII |
| 18 | XVIII |
| 19 | XIX |
| 20 | XX |
| 21 | XXI |
| 22 | XXII |
| 23 | XXIII |
| 24 | XXIV |
| 25 | XXV |
| 26 | XXVI |
| 27 | XXVII |
| 28 | XXVIII |
| 29 | XXIX |
| 30 | XXX |
| 31 | XXXI |
| 32 | XXXII |
| 33 | XXXIII |
| 34 | XXXIV |
| 35 | XXXV |
| 36 | XXXVI |
| 37 | XXXVII |
| 38 | XXXVIII |
| 39 | XXXIX |
| 40 | XL |
| 41 | XLI |
| 42 | XLII |
| 43 | XLIII |
| 44 | XLIV |
| 45 | XLV |
| 46 | XLVI |
| 47 | XLVII |
| 48 | XLVIII |
| 49 | XLIX |
| 50 | L |
| 51 | LI |
| 52 | LII |
| 53 | LIII |
| 54 | LIV |
| 55 | LV |
| 56 | LVI |
| 57 | LVII |
| 58 | LVIII |
| 59 | LIX |
| 60 | LX |
| 61 | LXI |
| 62 | LXII |
| 63 | LXIII |
| 64 | LXIV |
| 65 | LXV |
| 66 | LXVI |
| 67 | LXVII |
| 68 | LXVIII |
| 69 | LXIX |
| 70 | LXX |
| 71 | LXXI |
| 72 | LXXII |
| 73 | LXXIII |
| 74 | LXXIV |
| 75 | LXXV |
| 76 | LXXVI |
| 77 | LXXVII |
| 78 | LXXVIII |
| 79 | LXXIX |
| 80 | LXXX |
| 81 | LXXXI |
| 82 | LXXXII |
| 83 | LXXXIII |
| 84 | LXXXIV |
| 85 | LXXXV |
| 86 | LXXXVI |
| 87 | LXXXVII |
| 88 | LXXXVIII |
| 89 | LXXXIX |
| 90 | XC |
| 91 | XCI |
| 92 | XCII |
| 93 | XCIII |
| 94 | XCIV |
| 95 | XCV |
| 96 | XCVI |
| 97 | XCVII |
| 98 | XCVIII |
| 99 | XCIX |
| 100 | C |
The big numbers: 200 to 3,999
Hundreds repeat C, then the subtractive pairs kick in again at 400 (CD) and 900 (CM):
| Number | Roman |
|---|---|
| 200 | CC |
| 300 | CCC |
| 400 | CD |
| 500 | D |
| 600 | DC |
| 700 | DCC |
| 800 | DCCC |
| 900 | CM |
| 1,000 | M |
| 1,500 | MD |
| 2,000 | MM |
| 2,026 | MMXXVI |
| 2,500 | MMD |
| 3,000 | MMM |
| 3,999 | MMMCMXCIX |
The seven symbols
The whole system is seven letters plus one rule — smaller before larger means subtract:
| Value | Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I · one |
| 5 | V | V · five |
| 10 | X | X · ten |
| 50 | L | L · fifty |
| 100 | C | C · hundred |
| 500 | D | D · five hundred |
| 1,000 | M | M · thousand |
The subtractive pairs are IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). Everything else is addition: XXVI = 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 26, so 2026 = MM + XXVI = MMXXVI. A symbol repeats at most three times — 4 is IV, never IIII (outside of clock faces, which get their own FAQ).
Output · formula · meaning
| Output | Formula | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Roman numeral | greedy subtraction against 1000, 900, 500, …, 1 | The number in Roman form — e.g. 2026 → MMXXVI. |
| Decimal value | right-to-left scan, subtract when smaller | The Roman string decoded — e.g. MCMXCIV → 1994. |
| Roman date | month · day · year, each converted | A calendar date as three numerals — e.g. 2026-10-22 → X.XXII.MMXXVI. |
Who uses this
- Students and teachers: homework on numeral systems, worksheets, and the classic “write the year in Roman numerals” exercise.
- Designers and typographers: copyright dates on films (MCMXCIV), book chapter numbers, and formal invitations that use Roman numerals for the year.
- Writers and editors: outlines that number sections I, II, III — and anyone checking a Super Bowl number (LX is 60).
- The curious: reading clock faces, building cornerstones, and monarch names (Elizabeth II) — the places Roman numerals still show up in 2026.
Accuracy & limitations
Conversions follow the standard modern subtractive form (IV for 4, IX for 9) — the form taught in schools and used in publishing. Roman numerals have no zero and no negatives, and the converter handles 1 to 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX); larger values historically used an overline (vinculum) to multiply by 1,000, which this chart does not cover. Dates are validated against the real calendar — February 30th is rejected. Roman-to-number rejects non-canonical spellings (IIII, IL, VV): if it rejects your input, the subtractive form from the chart is the correct spelling.
Cite this reference chartBright Side Kit. “Roman Numeral Chart.” brightoolbox.com, 2026.
Bright Side Kit. "Roman Numeral Chart." https://brightoolbox.com/roman-numeral-chart/ Accessed October 22, 2026.Frequently asked questions
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
The subtractive rule: a smaller numeral before a larger one is subtracted. IV = 5 − 1 = 4. The rule keeps numerals short — without it, 9 would be VIIII instead of IX. The one famous exception is clock faces, which traditionally use IIII for 4 (theories range from visual balance with VIII to a story about Louis XIV) — a clockmaker’s convention, not a math one.
What is the largest Roman numeral?
In the standard system, 3,999 = MMMCMXCIX — three M’s, then the subtractive pairs. There is no symbol for 5,000 in the basic set; ancient Romans used an overline (vinculum) to multiply a numeral by 1,000, but that convention is rarely used today. The converter above stops at 3,999.
How do I write a date in Roman numerals?
Convert each part separately and join them with dots: month.day.year. So October 22, 2026 is X.XXII.MMXXVI — run any date through the date converter above. This is the popular tattoo and wedding-date format.
Why is there no zero in Roman numerals?
The Romans used numerals for counting and ordering, not for arithmetic on paper — they did math on counting boards and abacuses, where an empty column was simply empty. Zero as a number arrived in Europe with Arabic numerals around the 12th century, long after Roman numerals were established.
Where are Roman numerals still used?
Everywhere formal: Super Bowls (LX = 60), film and TV copyright dates, book chapters and outlines, monarch and pope names (Elizabeth II), building cornerstones, clock faces, and the occasional movie sequel (Rocky II). When something wants to look timeless, it reaches for Roman numerals.
Is MCMXCIV really 1994?
Yes: M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4) = 1994. Each subtractive pair is one step: 900 is written as 1000 − 100 (CM) rather than DCCCC. Try it in the Roman-to-number converter above.