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Gravel chart calculator
Put your area, depth and waste allowance in: 400 sq ft at 2-inch depth and 10% waste needs 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3.
★ CONSTRUCTION · GARDEN · GRAVEL CHART
Gravel Chart: 3 Cubic Yards for 400 Sq Ft at 10% Waste
On the defaults — 400 square feet at 2-inch depth with a 10% waste allowance — you need 2.72 cubic yards exact, so order 3 cubic yards. This is the GRAVEL chart — loose stone for drives, paths, and beds, priced by the cubic yard — the topsoil-chart page is the TOPSOIL version — screened soil for beds and lawns at 3-inch depth; the gravel-coverage-chart page is the COVERAGE version — square feet covered per cubic yard at each depth; and the gravel-cost-calculator page is the COST version — the same cubic yards priced per yard delivered.
What does 2.72 cubic yards, order 3, mean?
It means that a 400-square-foot bed at 2 inches deep needs 440.00 square feet of coverage once the 10% waste allowance is added, and at 162 square feet per cubic yard that is 2.72 cubic yards of gravel — but gravel is ordered by the whole yard, so the order is 3 cubic yards, with about 0.28 yards left over for thin spots and topping up. The two figures answer different questions: the exact figure is what the ground truly needs, while the order figure is what the truck must carry, and the gap between them is the rounding-up every bulk order carries. The part people get wrong is ordering the exact figure: 2.72 yards cannot be delivered as 2.72 by most yards, and rounding down to 2 leaves the bed short by nearly three quarters of a yard. The other part people get wrong is the reverse — forgetting the waste allowance, which understates the order by 0.25 yards on these defaults, enough to leave the far corner thin.
Three things to check before you trust the number
Is 400 square feet really the bed, or the bed plus the path? Four hundred square feet is the area, and it is the figure the whole calculation turns on: the 600-square-foot branch needs 4.07 cubic yards against the 2.72 headline, so 200 extra square feet are 1.35 cubic yards and a whole extra yard on the order. Measure each section separately — length times width — and add them, rather than pacing the longest side and guessing the rest, because an area guessed 20% high orders a yard that never gets spread.
Is 2 inches really the finished depth? Two inches is the settled depth, and it is the figure the coverage turns on: the 4-inch branch needs 5.43 cubic yards against the 2.72 headline, so doubling the depth doubles the order. Loose gravel settles underfoot and under rain, so a layer tipped at 3 inches can finish near 2 — set the depth to the finished layer you want to walk on, not the loose heap the truck leaves.
Is 10% really enough waste for your ground? Ten percent is the waste allowance, and it is the figure the needed area turns on: the 0%-waste branch needs 2.47 cubic yards against the 2.72 headline, so the allowance itself is 0.25 yards on this bed. A flat bed inside solid edging can run on 5%, but a sloped bed, a bed with curves, or ground that has never been levelled will eat the allowance in spillage and thin spots — raise it before ordering, not after the truck leaves.
Worked example
On the defaults: 400 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste allowance.
- Coverage per cubic yard: 324 ÷ 2 is 162 square feet.
- Needed area: 400 × 1.10 is 440.00 square feet.
- Exact cubic yards: 440.00 ÷ 162 is 2.72 cubic yards.
- Order: 2.72 rounded up is 3 cubic yards — the area times the waste factor, divided by coverage per cubic yard, rounded up to order.
And the other way: the area behind 2.72 cubic yards is 400 square feet, the depth behind 2.72 cubic yards is 2 inches, and the waste behind 2.72 cubic yards is 10%. With 0 square feet the model honestly shows 0.00 cubic yards exact and an order of 0 — an edge that shows an empty bed needs no gravel at all.
Every branch, checked
- 400 square feet, 2-inch depth, 0% waste: 400 square feet, 2-inch depth, 0% waste: 2.47 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.
- 400 square feet, 4-inch depth, 10% waste: 400 square feet, 4-inch depth, 10% waste: 5.43 cubic yards exact — order 6 cubic yards.
- 600 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste: 600 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste: 4.07 cubic yards exact — order 5 cubic yards.
- 200 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste: 200 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste: 1.36 cubic yards exact — order 2 cubic yards.
The reverses, worked backwards
- Area behind 2.72 cubic yards: 400 sq ft — at 400 sq ft the figures are 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.; at the lower neighbor the figures are 2.38 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.; at the upper neighbor the figures are 3.06 cubic yards exact — order 4 cubic yards..
- Depth behind 2.72 cubic yards: 2 inches — at 2 inches the figures are 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.; at the lower neighbor the figures are 1.36 cubic yards exact — order 2 cubic yards.; at the upper neighbor the figures are 4.07 cubic yards exact — order 5 cubic yards..
- Waste behind 2.72 cubic yards: 10% waste — at 10% waste the figures are 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.; at the lower neighbor the figures are 2.59 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards.; at the upper neighbor the figures are 2.84 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards..
What the defaults assume
The defaults are 400 square feet at 2-inch depth with a 10% waste allowance, so the headline is one garden bed or path for one delivery with a shallow decorative layer and a standard waste margin. The model is a division and a rounding-up: coverage is 324 divided by depth in inches, needed area is area times one plus the waste fraction, exact yards are needed area divided by coverage, and the order is the exact figure rounded up to the next whole yard. The area reverse is checked at 50 square feet either side, because 50 square feet at 10% waste is 55 square feet, or 0.34 yards; the depth reverse is checked at 1 inch either side, because depth halves or thirds the coverage; the waste reverse is checked at 5 points either side, because 5% of 400 square feet is 20 square feet, or 0.12 yards. The model does not include delivery charges, edging, landscape fabric, or compaction beyond the finished-depth assumption — price those separately, and read the coverage chart for other depths.
Output · formula · meaning
| Output | Formula | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage per cubic yard | 324 ÷ depth in inches | 162 sq ft — 324 ÷ 2. |
| Needed area | area × (1 + waste ÷ 100) | 440.00 sq ft — 400 × 1.10. |
| Exact cubic yards | needed area ÷ coverage | 2.72 — 440.00 ÷ 162. |
| Order | exact cubic yards rounded up | 3 cubic yards — 2.72 rounded up. |
| Area behind a target exact figure | target exact × coverage ÷ (1 + waste ÷ 100) | 400 sq ft — 2.72 × 162 ÷ 1.10. |
| Depth behind a target exact figure | 324 ÷ (needed area ÷ target exact) | 2 inches — 324 ÷ (440.00 ÷ 2.72). |
| Waste behind a target exact figure | (target exact × coverage ÷ area − 1) × 100 | 10% — (2.72 × 162 ÷ 400 − 1) × 100. |
| Leftover on the order | order − exact cubic yards | 0.28 cubic yards — 3 − 2.72, kept for thin spots and topping up. |
| 400 square feet, 2-inch depth, 0% waste | same model | 2.47 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards. |
| 400 square feet, 4-inch depth, 10% waste | same model | 5.43 cubic yards exact — order 6 cubic yards. |
| 600 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste | same model | 4.07 cubic yards exact — order 5 cubic yards. |
| 200 square feet, 2-inch depth, 10% waste | same model | 1.36 cubic yards exact — order 2 cubic yards. |
| Area behind 2.72 cubic yards | reverse | 400 sq ft: 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards. |
| Depth behind 2.72 cubic yards | reverse | 2 inches: 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards. |
| Waste behind 2.72 cubic yards | reverse | 10% waste: 2.72 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards. |
| 0 square feet | same model | 0.00 cubic yards exact — order 0 cubic yards. |
| Negative area | same model | Area — 0 or more. |
| Zero depth | same model | Depth — more than 0. |
| 400 square feet, 0% waste | same model | 2.47 cubic yards exact — order 3 cubic yards. |
Lookup table: cubic yards by area at 2-inch depth, 10% waste
All rows at 2-inch depth and 10% waste, where one cubic yard covers 162 square feet. Find your area, read across to the exact figure and the order.
| Area | Needed area | Exact cubic yards | Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 sq ft | 110.00 sq ft | 0.68 | 1 cubic yard |
| 160 sq ft | 176.00 sq ft | 1.09 | 2 cubic yards |
| 220 sq ft | 242.00 sq ft | 1.49 | 2 cubic yards |
| 280 sq ft | 308.00 sq ft | 1.90 | 2 cubic yards |
| 340 sq ft | 374.00 sq ft | 2.31 | 3 cubic yards |
| 400 sq ft | 440.00 sq ft | 2.72 | 3 cubic yards |
| 460 sq ft | 506.00 sq ft | 3.12 | 4 cubic yards |
| 520 sq ft | 572.00 sq ft | 3.53 | 4 cubic yards |
| 580 sq ft | 638.00 sq ft | 3.94 | 4 cubic yards |
| 640 sq ft | 704.00 sq ft | 4.35 | 5 cubic yards |
| 700 sq ft | 770.00 sq ft | 4.75 | 5 cubic yards |
| 760 sq ft | 836.00 sq ft | 5.16 | 6 cubic yards |
| 820 sq ft | 902.00 sq ft | 5.57 | 6 cubic yards |
| 880 sq ft | 968.00 sq ft | 5.98 | 6 cubic yards |
| 940 sq ft | 1,034.00 sq ft | 6.38 | 7 cubic yards |
| 1000 sq ft | 1,100.00 sq ft | 6.79 | 7 cubic yards |
Who uses this
- A homeowner ordering a gravel delivery — 400 square feet at 2 inches is 2.72 cubic yards exact and an order of 3, with the lookup table covering every bed size from 100 to 1,000 square feet without retyping.
- A landscaper quoting a path or drive — the reverses recover the area, depth, or waste behind any quoted yardage, so a supplier quote can be checked against the measured ground.
- A builder costing a site — the 4-inch and 600-square-foot branches price a deeper layer or a bigger area at once, so a specification change can be requoted before it is agreed.
- A gardener topping up beds — the leftover figure shows what stays in the pile after spreading, so topping up later in the season can be planned from the same order.
Accuracy & limitations
Figures are the model’s own arithmetic on the numbers you type, computed from unrounded values and displayed rounded HALF_UP to 2dp. The main limitation is the inputs, not the arithmetic: whether the area is the true bed area, whether the depth is the finished settled depth, and whether the waste allowance fits the ground are all judgement calls, and this page prices the figures you enter without checking them. Stone size and shape change how a layer settles, so treat the finished depth as the figure to verify on the ground, not as a guarantee. This page is a calculation tool, not a landscaping specification.
Cite this calculator
400 square feet at 2-inch depth and 10% waste: 440.00 square feet, 2.72 cubic yards exact, order 3 cubic yards. Source: Bright Side Kit, https://brightoolbox.com/gravel-chart/, accessed 29 October 2026.
Frequently asked questions
Why is coverage 324 divided by depth?
Because one cubic yard is 27 cubic feet, and a layer one inch deep over one square foot is one twelfth of a cubic foot: 27 divided by one twelfth is 324 square feet at one inch, and dividing by the depth in inches scales it to any depth. At 2 inches that is 162 square feet per cubic yard.
Should I order the exact figure or the rounded-up order?
The rounded-up order: gravel is sold by the whole cubic yard, and rounding down leaves the bed short. On these defaults the exact figure is 2.72 and the order is 3, with 0.28 yards left for thin spots and topping up.
What if my bed is not a rectangle?
Split it into rectangles and triangles, work out each section as length times width (or half the base times height for a triangle), and add the sections. Enter the total as the area — the calculator only needs the total square feet.
How much waste allowance should I use?
Ten percent suits a flat bed inside solid edging. Use 5% only for a small, flat, well-edged bed you have measured exactly, and 15% or more for a slope, curves, or ground that has never been levelled — spillage and thin spots consume the allowance fast.
Does stone size change the calculation?
Not the arithmetic: the cubic yards are set by area, depth, and waste. Stone size changes how the layer looks and settles, so check the finished depth on the ground after spreading rather than trusting the loose depth from the truck.
How is this different from the topsoil chart?
A gravel chart prices loose stone for drives, paths, and beds, while the topsoil chart prices screened soil for beds and lawns. The method is identical — area times a waste factor divided by coverage — but the depths and the material differ, which is why the two pages carry different examples.